Návrat do ráje: vztah starších horolezců k přírodním místům
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Abstrakt
V době psaní článku žilo ve Velké Británii více než 10 milionů lidí ve věku nad 65 let, a do roku 2050 se předpokládá, že jejich počet vzroste na 19 milionů. Stárnutí obyvatelstva se projevuje celosvětově, což za posledních deset let podnítilo také vznik mnoha studií na toto téma. Nicméně zkušenosti ze sociální gerontologie v souvislostech s outdoorovým prostředím dosud nejsou dostatečně zpracovány. Autoři tohoto textu se domnívají, že v době, kdy lidé narození v letech 1946 až 1964 postupně dozrávají a současně se všeobecně zvyšuje účast v dobrodružných aktivitách, nastal pravý čas ke zkoumání souvisejících jevů. Cílem této studie tak bylo zjistit, jak starší dospělí horolezci vnímali, že se jejich vztah k přírodnímu prostředí (v době jejich aktivního zájmu o horolezectví) měnil v průběhu let. Výzkum se zabýval vybraným vzorkem horolezců ze severozápadu Anglie (n = 10) ve věku mezi 65 a 74 let (Ø = 69,6), které lze označit jako „mladší-staré“ dospělé. Jejich výpovědi byly získány ve více než dvou fázích výzkumu: první z nich bylo dotazníkové šetření, druhá cílené polo-strukturované rozhovory. Aby se respondenti měli příležitost jasně vyjádřit, záznamy byly zpracovány jednotlivě, čímž byla získána surová data, která byla následně rozdělena podle témat a ověřena interními a externími hodnotiteli. Tyto údaje pak byly uspořádány podle konceptu Wahla, Mollenkopfa a Osvalda (2014) tak, že pojem „životní prostředí“ byl uvažován ve třech dimenzích: fyzicko/materiální dimenze, což zahrnuje přírodní krajinu; psychologické dimenze; a podle významu připisovaného místu, s ohledem na vývoj tohoto významu v průběhu života, a z hlediska jeho vlivu na pocity lidí a jejich sebeuvědomění; přičemž byly zohledněny i další sociální / kulturní charakteristiky, jako je zapojení lidí do místních aktivit a způsoby využití prostoru i jeho stopa v paměti.
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Reference
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